WiFi

Terminology

radio frequency(RF) радиочастота

alternating current (AC) переменный ток

direct current (DC) постоянный ток

frequency, amplitude, and phase

• absorption поглощение

• reflection отражение

• scattering рассеяние

• refraction преломление

• diffraction дифракция

• amplification усиление

• attenuation затухание

• free space path loss (FSPL) FSPL = 32.44 + 20log10(f) + 20log10(D)

• multipath

• gain (amplification )active gain and passive gain

Equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP)

The time differential between these multiple paths is known as the delay spread

intentional radiator (IR). The power of the IR is measured at the connector that provides the input to the antenna.

Equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP)

decibels = 32.4 + 20log10(2,400) + 20log10(0.1)

dipole antennas - 2,14 dbi

3dBd=2,14+3 = 5,14 dBi

dBm means decibels relative to 1 milliwatt

dBm = 10 × log10(PmW)

if the distance is doubled, the decibel loss will be 6 dB

• For every 3 dB of gain (relative), double the absolute power (mW).

• For every 3 dB of loss (relative), halve the absolute power (mW).

• For every 10 dB of gain (relative), multiply the absolute power (mW) by a factor of 10.

• For every 10 dB of loss (relative), divide the absolute power (mW) by a factor of 10.

10dBm + 3 dB = 13 dBm

0 dBm is equal to 1 milliwatt

+20 dBm = 100mW

λ = c/f and f = c/ λ

1mW - 100mW

• absorption поглощение

• reflection отражение

• scattering рассеяние

• refraction рефракция,преломление

• diffraction дифракция

• free space path loss, multipath, attenuation, and gain

A 2.4 GHz signal will be 1/16 the original power after propagating through a concrete wall. That same signal will only lose 1/2 the original power after passing though drywall material

multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)

signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)

signal-to-interference-plus-noise (SINR)

received signal strength indicator (RSSI)

Fade margin (buffer)

azimuth charts and elevation charts, commonly known as radiation patterns (диаграмма направленности).

Beamwidth is the measurement of how broad or narrow the focus of an antenna is—and is measured both horizontally and vertically

Instrumental

Using external USB Wi-Fi adapters with WiFi Explorer Pro

Top 25 WiFi Tools for Analysis, Security, and Monitoring of Wireless Networks

ePerf

What is ePerf and why do we need it?

Ekahau ePerf Server

Configuring Active Surveys

H.O.R.S.T

GITHUB horst

kismet

Kismet

KismetMobileDashboard

air-ng

Aircrack-ng

Wifi Explorer

wifiexplorer-sensor

Using external USB Wi-Fi adapters with WiFi Explorer Pro

Site Survey

AirMagnet Survey vs. Ekahau Site Survey Comparison

Importing scan results from AirPort Utility into WiFi Explorer Pro

https://www.ekahau.com/blog/category/wi-fi-best-practices/

Refinement of the APoS Survey Tripod

Links C9800-CL

DEPLOYING CISCO CATALYST 9800 CONTROLLER ON VMWARE ESXI

C9800-CL for my homlab

Deploying and Configuring the Cisco 9800 Virtual Wireless Controller for the First Time

Cisco 9800-CL on EVE-NG

Installing the Controller in a KVM Environment

Initially configure a Cisco Catalyst 9800 Series Wireless Controller

Monitoring IOS-XE device with Netconf API + Grafana + InfluxDB

Configure PSK authentication on Cisco Catalyst 9800 Series Wireless Controller

Configure 802.1X on 9800 series WLC and ISE

WN Blog 010 – Cisco Catalyst 9800 – Configuration Guide

WN Blog 014 – Cisco Catalyst 9800 – Configuration Guide (FlexConnect)

WN Blog 006 – Cisco Catalyst 9800 – Deployment with VMware ESXi

WN Blog 010 – Cisco Catalyst 9800 – Configuration Guide (Basics & Central Switching)

WN Blog 009 – Cisco Catalyst 9800 – Guest MAB CWA ISE Config

Troubleshooting DTLS Handshake Error Joining Cisco 2702i Access Point to 9800 Wireless Controller

Cisco Wireless Solutions Software Compatibility Matrix

Ansible demo with Cisco Wireless LAN Controllers, both AireOS and Catalyst 9800

Viewing Network Telemetry from the Catalyst 9800 with Grafana

Cisco WLC 8.1 Dynamic Bandwidth Selection (DBS)

Apple Recommended settings for Wi-Fi routers and access points

Инструменты для хорошего Wi-Fi. Ekahau Pro и другие

Ekahau Site Survey Pro

iPerf2 vs iPerf3 with Panos Vouzis a video from WLPC Phoenix 2020

WLAN Pi Project with Jerry Olla a video from WLPC Phoenix 2020

--connect=qemu:///system \
--os-type=linux \
--os-variant=rhel4 \
--arch=x86_64 \
--cpu host \
--console pty,target_type=virtio
--hvm \
--import \
--name=my_c9k_vm \
--disk path=<path_to_c9800-c_qcow2>,bus=ide,format=qcow2 \
--vcpus=1,sockets=1,cores=1,threads=1 \
--ram=4096 \
--network=network:<network name>,model=virtio
--network=network:<network name>,model=virtio
--network=network:<network name>,model=virtio
--noreboot

qemu-img create -f qcow2 c9000-c_disk.qcow2 8G

virt-install \
--connect=qemu:///system \
--os-type=linux
--os-variant=rhel4 \
--arch=x86_64 \
--cpu host \
--hvm \
--import 
--name=my_c9k_vm \
--cdrom=<path_to_c9800-c_iso> \
--disk path=c9000-c_disk.qcow2,bus=virtio,size=8,sparse=false,cache=none,format=qcow2 \
--ram=4096 \
--vcpus=1,sockets=1,cores=1,threads=1 \
--network=network:<network name>,model=virtio
--network=network:<network name>,model=virtio
--network=network:<network name>,model=virtio
--noreboot

Configure

ip dhcp pool MainPool
 network 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0
 lease 0 4

ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.30.0 192.168.30.99


wireless management interface gigabitEthernet 2

wireless config vwlc-ssc key-size 2048 signature-algo sha256 password 0 cisco123

clear lwapp private-config


show license all
sh version
license air level air-network-advantage
license air level air-network-essentials

license air level network-essentials addon air-dna-essentials
license air level air-network-advantage addon air-dna-advantage

wlan LabRetev1 1 LabRetev1
 security wpa psk set-key ascii 0 Jenkins1234
 no security wpa akm dot1x
 security wpa akm psk
 no shutdown

wireless profile policy Policy-Profilev1
 no shutdown

wireless tag policy Policy-tagv1
 wlan LabRetev1 policy Policy-Profilev1

ap 58ac.78b4.56c8
 policy-tag Policy-tagv1



ap location name Location-Labv1
 ap-eth-mac 58ac.78b4.56c8
 tag policy Location-Labv1
 tag rf Location-Labv1
 tag site Location-Labv1


ap location name Test
 ap-eth-mac 0000.xxxx.xxxx
 ap-eth-mac 0000.yyyy.yyyy
 description "For test PSK"
 tag policy Test
 tag rf Test
 tag site Test

wireless profile policy Test_WLANID_1
 description Test_PSK-test
 vlan VLAN0062
 no shutdown
 
 
 

Configure option 43 for wireless controller

# Linux ISC DHCP server configuration in /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
option space Cisco_LWAPP_AP;
option Cisco_LWAPP_AP.server-address code 241 = array of ip-address;

# eth0 DHCP scope
subnet 192.168.73.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
interface eth0;
range 192.168.73.100 192.168.73.200;
option routers 192.168.73.1;
option domain-name-servers 208.67.222.222, 208.67.220.220;
default-lease-time 86400;
max-lease-time 86400;
vendor-option-space Cisco_LWAPP_AP;
option Cisco_LWAPP_AP.server-address 10.10.10.10, 10.20.20.20;
}

Cisco Aironet and Catalyst AP Option 43 configuration for ISC DHCP server on Linux